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- Subject: SETI FAQ: Part 2
- Date: 25 Jan 1995 16:54:42 GMT
- Organization: Duke University
- Lines: 174
- Message-ID: <3g5voi$prn@news.duke.edu>
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- Begin Part 2...
-
- ******************************************
- What will happen if a signal is received? Will information be
- withheld?
-
- In order to confirm that a signal is from another civilization, at least
- two observatories must be able to receive it. Once an artificial signal
- is confirmed as being of extraterrestrial intelligent origin, the
- discovery will be announced as quickly and as widely as possible. A
- Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection
- of Extraterrestrial Intelligence, endorsed by six international space
- organizations, addresses how to make such an announcement. The SETI
- Institute has a plan for action that resembles the Declaration of
- Principles. The intent of the plan is to ensure that news is distributed
- rapidly and widely. In fact, as part of the process of confirming a
- potential signal, SETI Institute scientists will contact other
- observatories to investigate candidate signals with their own equipment.
-
- How will we know what the signal means?
-
- If the signal is intentional, it is likely to be easy to decode. In order
- to send or receive a signal over interstellar distances, a civilization
- must understand basic science and mathematics. Hence, a message from
- another civilization would probably use a language based on universal
- mathematical and physical principles. Signals that a civilization uses
- for its own purposes may be difficult to decipher. Such emissions may
- have no detectable message content.
-
- Will the senders have any way of knowing that their signal is received?
-
- Not right away. For the senders to know, we would have to send a message
- in reply. The SETI Institute has no plan for replying. Under an
- International SETI Post-detection Protocol now under consideration, the
- nations of the Earth would decide together whether and how to reply.
-
- If we are looking for a signal, are we also sending any signals?
-
- Project Phoenix is designed only to listen for signals, not to send them.
- However, since the early part of this century, the cultures of the planet
- Earth have been unintentionally transmitting signals into space -- radio,
- television, and other communications transmissions as well as military
- radar. Our earliest TV transmissions have traveled out into space more
- than fifty light years.
-
- A few mostly symbolic intentional messages have been sent. One message,
- broadcast in 1974 from the Arecibo Observatory, was a simple picture
- describing our Solar System, the elements important for life, the
- structure of the DNA molecule, and the form of a human being. The
- message was transmitted in the direction of the globular star cluster,
- M13, about 25,000 light years away.
-
- What if no signal is detected?
-
- Even if the search does not detect a signal from a distant technology, it
- is likely to provide many benefits to society. The technology developed
- to search for faint signals from distant planets can be applied to more
- down-to-earth problems in medical diagnostic imaging, resource exploration,
- and materials testing. The SETI Institute, with funding from NSF and NASA,
- has already developed an important spin-off from the HRMS project, science
- curriculum enhancement materials for grades three through nine. The
- subject of extraterrestrial civilizations provides an almost irresistible
- magnet for attracting young people to the study of science and mathematics.
-
- What do other scientists think of the search for extraterrestrial
- civilizations?
-
- From the Report of the Astronomy Survey Committee, National Academy of
- Sciences, 1972:
-
- "... More and more scientists feel that contact with other civilizations
- is no longer something beyond our dreams but a natural event in the
- history of mankind that will perhaps occur in the lifetime of many of us ...
-
- In the long run, this may be one of science's most important and most
- profound contributions to mankind and to our civilization."
-
- From the Report of the Astronomy Survey Committee, National Academy of
- Sciences, 1982:
-
- "... It is hard to imagine a more exciting astronomical discovery or one
- that would have greater impact on human perceptions than the detection of
- extraterrestrial intelligence."
-
-
- From the Report of the Astronomy Survey Committee, National Academy of
- Sciences, 1991:
-
- "... The discovery in the last decade of planetary disks (around other
- stars), and the continuing discovery of highly complex organic molecules
- in the interstellar medium, lend even greater scientific support to
- this enterprise."
-
- How much will Project Phoenix cost?
-
- About $3 million/year which could be realized either through commitments
- for annual contributions or from an endowment of about $100 million. To
- put it in perspective, this amounts to a little more than a penny per
- American per year.
-
- Why should we spend millions of dollars on this project when we face a
- hugebudget deficit and homeless people live on our streets?
-
- A society must invest in its future. Over the last few centuries,
- scientific research has dramatically improved the quality of life and
- improved our understanding of the universe. The SETI is based on recent
- discoveries in many fields of science that indicate that other planetary
- systems and even extraterrestrial life are highly probable. As with many
- scientific programs, the SETI has potential spin-offs of advanced
- technology that may benefit the U.S. and its citizens. If successful,
- the knowledge that we are not alone may have an impact on society as
- profound and long lasting as when Copernicus removed the Earth from the
- center of our Universe.
-
- Does Project Phoenix look for UFO's?
-
- No. The search strategy is designed to detect signals from technological
- civilizations elsewhere in the Galaxy. It has nothing to do with UFO's.
-
- ____________________________________________________________________
- GLOSSARY
-
-
- DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the molecule of genetic inheritance.
-
- DOE Department of Energy.
-
- HRMS High Resolution Microwave Survey.
-
- IAU International Astronomical Union.
-
- JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
-
- LIGHT YEAR The distance that light travels in one year, about six
- trillion miles.
-
- META Megachannel ExtraTerrestrial Assay, a SETI Project
- supported by the
- Planetary Society.
-
- MHz Megahertz, a unit of frequency, one million cycles per second.
-
- NSF National Science Foundation.
-
- POLARIZATION Electromagnetic radiation that exhibits different
- properties in different directions at right angles to the line of
- energy propagation is said to be polarized.
-
- SERENDIP Search for Extraterrestrial Radio Emission from Nearby
- Developed Intelligent Populations, an ongoing University of California,
- Berkeley SETI project.
-
- SETI Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence.
-
- USGS United States Geological Survey.
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- For more information contact: p_backus@seti-inst.edu
-
- or:
-
- SETI Institute
- 2035 Landings Drive
- Mountain View, CA 94043
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- SETI Institute Home Page
- General SETI Information
- Project Phoenix Information
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
- Metro Link, Inc. - Fort Lauderdale, FL +1.305.970.7353
- webmaster@flsig.org
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